Environmental Rights Annotated Bib Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Rights Bib - Annotated Bibliography Example The authors highlight that the current literature regarding environmental rights ignores the economic costs (transactional costs) such as welfare costs associated with the establishment of the right. The current literature therefore proposes that the only transactional costs involved are bribes and the like, which are of no economic significance. The whole economic literature also assumes that individuals are rational beings and hence the environmental policy making does not involve self-interest (Krutilla and Alexeeve, 2014). Through their article, the authors have tried to describe how transactional cost involved (such as welfare cost) can be reduced. The most important theme of the paper is that environmental rights are an important policy making instrument. Generally, the rights are defined in terms of taxation or through a stipulated pollution level which acts as a control. This provides an incentive for polluters to reduce their emissions of harmful gasses thereby circumventing the high abatement costs. For this reason, polluters often oppose such developments because it costs them highly in terms of taxation and other economic costs. Even though environmentalists work to advocate pollution taxation, the result is the imposition of infra-marginal rents. As a result, a new political economy has erupted which operates trading programs for polluted emissions (Krutilla and Alexeeve, 2014). The authors have provided a framework in order to model sharing of the environmental rights (Krutilla and Alexeeve, 2014). However, the authors have assumed an elastic demand for the polluters which means that they alone bear the taxation imposed on emissions. The authors however have made a good attempt at trying to quantify and monetize the welfare costs associated with the rights. The social, political, and economic aspects have been discussed very well by the authors due to the context of the issue. Towards

Dimensions (Target) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dimensions (Target) - Essay Example known as personal, structural, relational, and cultural dimensions are considered as one of the most important concepts in the study of change management. (Lederach, Neufeldt, & Culbertson, 2007: p. 18) This theory enables the organizational leaders to effectively and strategically develop a plan for a change initiative since this theory serves as a tool that allows these people to have a better understanding with regards to significant factors that may or may not hinder the progress of initiating organizational changes. In the absence of strategic development, it will be more difficult for organizational leaders to initiate change because of the possibility of organizational conflicts and resistance to change. For this study, information coming from Ford Motors’ strategic change initiative will be gathered. Eventually, this information will be analyzed and applied to strategic change initiative such as strategy, organization’s resources, systems, culture, vision, and mission. Prior to conclusion, lessons learned from having completed the study requirements will be discussed one-by-one. Based on the identified lessons learned, recommended ways wherein managers could use this knowledge will be discussed. In relation to the challenges associated with globalization, Bill Ford – the CEO of Ford Motor publicly announced a massive restructuring plan back in the first quarter of 2006 in order to save the company from becoming less profitable. (Woodyard, 2006) The fact that the company has decided to shred-off as much as 30,000 employments aside from closing down a total of 14 factories and other facilities by 2012, Ford managers had encountered a lot of negative comments with regards to the management’s decision for such major changes. Since 30,000 Ford employees were expected to lose their job from the massive lay-offs, Ford managers had seriously faced a strong resistance-to-change. Since the implementation of an internal organizational change often